Транспорт витамина В1 у животных, растений и микроорганизмов
Ключевые слова:
тиамин, транспортеры тиамина, транспортеры тиаминдифосфата, бактерии, дрожжи, растения, животныеАннотация
Витамин В1 в форме кофермента тиаминдифосфата (ТДФ) необходим для жизнедеятельности практически всех видов организмов. Растения, дрожжи и многие бактерии синтезируют витамин В1 de novo, тогда как клетки животных лишены такой способности и поэтому постоянно должны поглощать тиамин с помощью специализированных транспортных систем. Белки-переносчики экспрессируются не только клетками ауксотрофных по тиамину организмов, но тех, которые способны осуществлять его биосинтез. В ходе биологической эволюции произошла значительная дивергенция механизмов транспорта витамин В1. Прокариоты осуществляют его активный транспорт с помощью АТФ-зависимых транспортеров ABC-типа или используя энергонезависимый механизм облегченной диффузии через транспортер PnuT. В клетки дрожжей и животных тиамин переносится по механизму вторичного активного транспорта белками-транспортерами из семейств NCS1 и SLC19 соответственно. Синтезируемый в цитозоле клеток эукариот ТДФ импортируется в матрикс митохондриий транспортерами, принадлежащими семейству MCF.
Библиографические ссылки
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