Индекс цикла обращения денег на примере Беларуси
Keywords:
денежный цикл, Беларусь, индекс денежного циклаAbstract
Цель данной статьи – применить теорию денежного цикла к экономике Республики Беларусь. Предыдущие работы позволили определить экономические особенности Латвии, Сербии и Болгарии в соответствии с концепцией теории денежного цикла. Индекс денежного цикла показывает, как экономическая система должна противодействовать денежно-кредитному кризису, и изучает, насколько хорошо структурирована та или иная экономика. Индекс денежного цикла Беларуси сравнивался со средним мировым индексом денежного цикла. Результаты показывают, что параметры экономики Беларуси близки к среднемировому значению. Кроме этого, результаты анализа показывают, что ее можно отнести к хорошо структурированным экономикам, устойчивым к экономическим кризисам. Применяемая методология основана на анализе теоретических, математических, статистических и эконометрических результатов. Текущая работа важна, поскольку позволяет получить сравнительную характеристику устойчивости экономики Беларуси к потенциальному финансовому и экономическому кризису. Эта работа является частью проекта для нескольких стран.
References
References
(ATO), A. T. O. et al. (2012) ‘Cheating the government’, Journal of Economic Psychology, 19(1).
Ainsworth, R. T. and Shact, A. (2014) ‘Transfer Pricing: Un Practical Manual China’, SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2375785.
Boland, L. A. (2014) The methodology of economic model building: Methodology after samuelson, The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology after Samuelson. doi: 10.4324/9781315773285.
Caldara, D. et al. (2020) ‘The economic effects of trade policy uncertainty’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 109. Doi: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.11.002.
Choi, J. P., Furusawa, T. and Ishikawa, J. (2020) ‘Transfer pricing regulation and tax competition’, Journal of International Economics, 127. doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.10336.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018a) ‘Analysis of the velocities of escaped savings with that of financial liquidity’, Ekonomski signali, 13(2), pp. 1–14. doi: 10.5937/ekonsig1802001c.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018b) ‘Identification of Significant Economic Risks to the International Controlled Transactions’, Economics and Applied Informatics, 2018(3), pp. 149–153. doi: https://doi.org/10.26397/eai1584040927.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018c) Methods of Controlled Transactions and the Behavior of Companies According to the Public and Tax Policy, Economics. doi: 10.2478/eoik-2018-0003.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018d) ‘THE IMPACT FACTOR OF HEALTH ON THE ECONOMY USING THE CYCLE OF MONEY’, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, 11(60), pp. 125–136. Available at: http://rs.unitbv.ro/Bulletin/Series V/2018/BULETIN I/15_Challoumis.pdf.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018e) ‘THE KEYNESIAN THEORY AND THE THEORY OF CYCLE OF MONEY’, Hyperion Economic Journal, 6(3), pp. 3–8. Available at: https://hej.hyperion.ro/articles/3(6)_2018/HEJ nr3(6)_2018_A1Challoumis.pdf.
Constantinos Challoumis (2018f) ‘The Role of Risk to the International Controlled Transactions’, Economics and Applied Informatics, 2018(3), pp. 57–64. doi: I https://doi.org/10.26397/eai1584040917.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019a) ‘Journal Association “SEPIKE” Edition 25, October, 2019’, Journal Association SEPIKE, 2019(25), pp. 12–21. Available at: https://5b925ea6-3d4e-400b-b5f3-32dc681218ff.filesusr.com/ugd/b199e2_dd29716b8bec48ca8fe7fbcfd47cdd2e.pdf.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019b) ‘The arm’s length principle and the fixed length principle economic analysis’, World Scientific News, 115(2019), pp. 207–217. Available at: http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/WSN-115-2019-207-217.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2021).
Constantinos Challoumis (2019c) ‘The cycle of money with and without the escaped savings’, Ekonomski signali, 14(1), pp. 89–99. doi: 336.76 336.741.236.5.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019d) ‘The Impact Factor of Education on the Public Sector and International Controlled Transactions’, Complex System Research Centre, 2019, pp. 151–160. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350453451_The_Impact_Factor_of_Education_on_the_Public_Sector_and_International_Controlled_Transactions.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019e) ‘The R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral and Quantified) Model’, Ekonomika, 98(1). doi: 10.15388/ekon.2019.1.1.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019f) ‘Theoretical analysis of fuzzy logic and Q. E. method in economics’, IKBFU’s Vestnik, 2019(01), pp. 59–68. doi: 330.42.
Constantinos Challoumis (2019g) ‘Transfer Pricing Methods for Services and the Policy of Fixed Length Principle’, Economics and Business, 33(1), pp. 222–232. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0016.
Constantinos Challoumis (2020a) ‘Analysis of the Theory of Cycle of Money’, Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis, 23(2), pp. 13–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/acta-2020-0004.
Constantinos Challoumis (2020b) ‘ImpactFactor of Capital to the Economy and Tax System’, Complex System Research Centre, 2020, pp. 195–200. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350385990_Impact_Factor_of_Capital_to_the_Economy_and_Tax_System.
Constantinos Challoumis (2020c) ‘The Impact Factor of Costs to the Tax System’, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), pp. 1–14. Available at: http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/126.
Constantinos Challoumis (2020d) ‘The Impact Factor of Education on the Public Sector – The Case of the U.S.’, International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 13(1), pp. 69–78. doi: 10.25103/ijbesar.131.07.
Constantinos Challoumis (2021a) ‘Chain of cycle of money’, Acta Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis, 24(2).
Constantinos Challoumis (2021b) ‘INDEX OF THE CYCLE OF MONEY - THE CASE OF BULGARIA’, Economic Alternatives, 27(2). Available at: https://www.unwe.bg/eajournal/en.
Constantinos Challoumis (2021c) ‘Index of the cycle of money - The case of Greece’, IJBESAR (International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research), 14(2).
Constantinos Challoumis (2021d) ‘Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia’, Economics and Culture, 17(2), pp. 5–12. doi: 10.2478/jec-2020-0015.
Constantinos Challoumis (2021e) ‘Index of the cycle of money - The case of Serbia’, OPEN JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS (OJRE), 4(1). Available at: https://centerprode.com/ojre.html.
Constantinos Challoumis (2021f) ‘Index of the cycle of money - The case of Thailand’, Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics, 25(2).
Constantinos Challoumis (2021g) ‘Index of the cycle of money - The case of Ukraine’, Actual Problems of Economics, 243(9).
Feinschreiber, R. (2004) Transfer Pricing Methods, An Applications Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gihman, I. I. et al. (1972) ‘The Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations’, in Stochastic Differential Equations. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-88264-7_3.
Goswami, M. and Purkayastha, B. S. (2020) ‘A Fuzzy Based Approach for Empirical Analysis of Unstructured Data’, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 17(9). doi: 10.1166/jctn.2020.9080.
IMF, WB and WTO (2017) ‘Making Trade an Engine of Growth for All: The Case for Trade and for Policies to Facilitate Adjustment’, Making Trade an Engine of Growth for All: The Case for Trade and for Policies to Facilitate Adjustment.
Irawan, F., Kinanti, A. and Suhendra, M. (2020) ‘The Impact of Transfer Pricing and Earning Management on Tax Avoidance’, Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3s).
King, E. (2009) Transfer pricing and corporate taxation: Problems, practical implications and proposed solutions, Transfer Pricing and Corporate Taxation: Problems, Practical Implications and Proposed Solutions. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-78183-9.
Kushner, H. (1974) ‘Stochastic Differential Equations (I. I. Gihman and A. V. Skorohod)’, SIAM Review, 16(2). doi: 10.1137/1016045.
Lerner, A. P. (1936) ‘The Symmetry between Import and Export Taxes’, Economica, 3(11). doi: 10.2307/2549223.
Lindé, J. and Pescatori, A. (2019) ‘The macroeconomic effects of trade tariffs: Revisiting the Lerner symmetry result’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 95. doi: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2019.01.019.
McKay, A., Nakamura, E. and Steinsson, J. (2016) ‘The power of forward guidance revisited’, American Economic Review, 106(10). doi: 10.1257/aer.20150063.
Merle, R., Al-Gamrh, B. and Ahsan, T. (2019) ‘Tax havens and transfer pricing intensity: Evidence from the French CAC-40 listed firms’, Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). doi: 10.1080/23311975.2019.1647918.
Meyer, B. D. and Rosenbaum, D. T. (2000) ‘Making Single Mothers Work: Recent Tax and Welfare Policy and its Effects’, National Tax Journal, 53(4 PART 2). doi: 10.17310/ntj.2000.4s1.02.
Mirman, L. J. (1971) ‘Uncertainty and Optimal Consumption Decisions’, Econometrica, 39(1). doi: 10.2307/1909149.
Nations, U. (2014) United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries, United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries. doi: 10.18356/da89dfb5-en.
OECD (2015) Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator), OECD.
OECD (2017) Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2017.
Ossa, R. (2014) ‘Trade wars and trade talks with data?’, American Economic Review, 104(12). doi: 10.1257/aer.104.12.4104.
Ross, T. J. (2010) Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications: Third Edition, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications: Third Edition. doi: 10.1002/9781119994374.
United Nations (2012) ‘Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries (2017)’, עלון הנוטע, 66.
Waworuntu, S. R. and Hadisaputra, R. (2016) ‘Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness in Indonesia’, Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(July).
Wijnbergen, S. Van (1987) ‘Tariffs, Employment and the Current Account: Real Wage Resistance and the Macro-Economics of Protectionism’, International Economic Review, 28(3). doi: 10.2307/2526574.
Wilson, J. D. (1986) ‘A theory of interregional tax competition’, Journal of Urban Economics, 19(3). doi: 10.1016/0094-1190(86)90045-8.
Zax, J. S. (1988) ‘Fringe benefits, income tax exemptions, and implicit subsides’, Journal of Public Economics, 37(2). doi: 10.1016/0047-2727(88)90069-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
he author provides the Editorial Board of the journal for the entire duration of the exclusive rights to the Work the following rights:
1. the right to reproduce the Work (publication, publication, duplication, duplication or other reproduction of the Work) without restriction of copies. In addition, each copy of the Work must contain the name of the author of the Work;
2. the right to distribute the Work in any way;
3. the right to be included in the composite work;
4. the right to be communicated to the public;
5. the use of metadata (title, name of the author (copyright holder), annotations, bibliographic materials, etc.) of the Works by distributing and making available to the public, processing and systematization, as well as inclusion in various databases and information systems.
6. the right to transfer, on a contractual basis, the rights partially or fully obtained under this contract to third parties without payment to the Author of remuneration.
The author transfers the rights to the Editorial Board under this Agreement on the basis of a non-exclusive license.
The editorial staff is obliged to observe the copyrights provided for by the current legislation, the rights of the Author, as well as to protect them and take all possible measures to prevent copyright infringement by third parties.
The territory in which the use of rights to the Works is allowed is not limited.
The author also provides the Editorial Board with the right to store and process the following personal data with no time limit:
• Full Name;
• Date of Birth;
• education information;
• information about the place of work and position;
• information on the availability of published works of literature, science and art.
Personal data are provided for their storage and processing in various databases and information systems, their inclusion in analytical and statistical reporting, the creation of reasonable interrelationships of objects of science, literature and art with personal data, etc.
The editorial board has the right to transfer the specified data for processing and storage to third parties, subject to notification of such a fact with the provision of information about a third party (name and address) to the Author.
The withdrawal of consent to the storage and processing of personal data is made by the Author by sending a written notice to the Editorial Board.
The author and the Editorial Board of the journal bear, according to the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus, property and other legal responsibility for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their obligations.
The Party that improperly performed or did not fulfill its obligations is obliged to indemnify the losses incurred by the other Party, including lost profits.
All disputes and disagreements of the Parties arising from the terms of this Agreement shall be settled by negotiation, and if they fail, the indicated disputes shall be settled in court in accordance with the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
The termination of this agreement is possible at any time by mutual consent of the Parties, with the obligatory signing of the relevant agreement by the Parties.
Termination of this agreement unilaterally is possible in cases stipulated by the current legislation, or by a court decision.
In all that is not provided by this agreement, the Parties are guided by the norms of the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus.