Оценка возможности управления эффективностью налоговой политики государства на основе моделирования процесса формирования необходимого и прибавочного продукта.
Abstract
В статье представлены расчеты распределения между субъектами государства необходимого и прибавочного продукта в результате применения тех или иных размеров налоговых ставок в кон-тексте применения единого налога. Расчеты показывают: налоги уплачиваются из прибавочного продукта, если государство накапливает резерв денежных средств из поступлений налогов в бюджет и внебюджетные фонды, что в принципе является оправданным только в условиях формирования государственного страхового резервного фонда типа фонда стабилизации национальной экономики; в условиях полного использования государством поступающих в виде налогов денежных средств примерно в 90–95 случаях из 100 источником уплаченных предприятиями и банками налогов будет необходимый продукт и только в 5–10 случаях из 100 – прибавочный продукт; при снижении завышенных размеров налоговых ставок в качестве источника средств в уплате налогов доля необходимого продукта растет, прибавочного – падает, при сокращении численности служащих госаппарата – наоборот доля необходимого продукта в качестве источника средств в уплате предприятиями и банками налогов падает, а прибавочного растет, что является следствием завышенности налоговых ставок при новой численности госслужащих; существенная часть налогов уплачивается предприятиями и банками из прибавочного продукта, если налоги взимаются по ставкам, формирующим неоптимальную налоговую нагрузку на субъекты платежа для соответствующего периода. = The article presents calculations of the distribution between the subjects of state necessary and surplus product by the application of certain tax rates in the context of the application of the single tax. Calculations show that: taxes are paid out of the surplus product, if the government accumulates cash reserves from the proceeds of taxes to the budget and extra–budgetary funds, it is justifiable in terms of formation of the state insurance reserve fund, as the fund stabilization of the national economy; if the government uses up all the taxes, about 90–95 out of 100 cases – the source of the payment of taxes businesses and banks will be necessary product and only 5 – 10 out of 100 cases – the surplus product; if high tax rates are reduced, then as a source of tax payments share of the necessary product – grows, surplus product – falling, but in reducing the number of employees of the state apparatus, the share of the necessa ry product as a source of tax payments is reduced and surplus product –growing, it is the result of very high tax rates under the new numbers of civil servants; taxes – paid by companies and banks mainly from surplus product if the taxes rates – non–optimal sizes.References
Маркс, К. Капитал. Критика политической экономии / К. Маркс. Том 1. – М.: Госполитиздат, 1963. – 908 с.
Коровкин, В.В. Основы теории налогообложения / В.В. Коровкин. – М.: Экономистъ, 2006. – 575 с.
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