The level of physical fitness of female students with impaired posture in the sagital plane (shoulding back)
Keywords:
female students, posture, violation, physical fitnessAbstract
The article deals with the issues of the level of physical fitness of female students with posture disorders in the sagittal plane. In recent decades, posture disorders, along with diseases of the cardiovascular system and organs of vision, have been leading among students with health problems. The process of physical rehabilitation of students with impaired posture is complex and complex, and, in it, it is necessary to take into account the causes of disorders from the musculoskeletal system, the characteristics of the physical condition of those involved, the presence of concomitant diseases, the severity and localization of the deformity.
The study analyzed the state of posture in 120 female students of 1-3 courses, 68% of whom have certain disorders in the location of body parts in space. Assessment of the state of posture in the sagittal plane using somatometry showed flattening of the lumbar spine curves up to 3.4-3.8 cm instead of 4-6 cm, and an increase in the curves of the cervical spine up to 6.5-7 cm. instead of 4-6 cm, the asymmetry of the shoulder girdle, the unequal shape of the triangles of the waist, the decrease in the shoulder index, which indicates the formation of postural disorders according to the type of stooped back.
In combination with posture disorders, a low level of physical fitness of female students of the main and control groups of observation was revealed according to tests of dynamic and static endurance of the muscles of the back and abdominals. In order to correct the stooped back, 20 female students were selected, who had an assessment of the level of physical fitness development using a battery of strength tests (Martinet-Kushelevsky, Gencha and Shtange tests) with their score on the degree of effectiveness. Based on the presented medical and pedagogical observations and the results of our own research, a corrective program of physical rehabilitation was proposed and tested, including methods of therapeutic gymnastics, therapeutic swimming, corrective massage and exercises using suspension belts on the “Redcord simulator” of the spine by 0.2-0.4 cm, increase the shoulder index, achieve fit of the shoulder blades to the chest and symmetry of the shoulder girdle. There was also an increase in the static and dynamic endurance of the muscles of the back and abdominal muscles: the increase in the values of dynamic strength endurance of the abdominal muscles was 32 49%, back muscles - 25%, static strength endurance of the abdominal muscles – 84%, back muscles – 57%.
According to the results of biomedical research, the correctional program of physical rehabilitation of students with impaired posture in the sagittal plane (hunched back) contributed to the increase in physical fitness and functional state of those involved, the correction of deformity and the formation of the skill of correct posture.
References
Барков, В. А. Зависимость физической подготовленности школьников, проживающих в различных радиационных условиях, от их физкультурных знаний / В.А. Барков, О.Т. Кузнецова // Материал 3 й международной научно-практической конференции. – Гомель, 1999. – С. 5-6.
Белая, Н. А. Лечебная физкультура и массаж / Н. А. Белая.– М.: Сов. Спорт, 2001. – С. 67-79.
Бородич, Л. А. Занятия плаванием при сколиозе у детей и подростков / Л. А. Бородич, Р. Д. Назарова. – М.: Просвещение, 1988. – 77 с.
Булгакова, Н. Ж. Оздоровительное, лечебное и адаптивное плавание / Н. Ж Булгакова [и др.]. – М.: Изд. центр «Академия», 2005. – 432 с.
Буров, А. Э. Диагностика и оценка профессионально важных качеств в практике профессионально-прикладной физической культуры: научно-практическое пособие / А. Э. Буров, О. А. Ерохина. – Чебоксары: ИД «Среда», 2020. – 192 с.
Ванда, Е. С. Физическая культура студентов, имеющих сколиотическую болезнь : учеб.–метод. пособие / Е. С. Ванда, Т. А. Глазько; Белорус. гос. ун-т физ. культуры. – Минск: БГУФК, 2013. – 92 с.
Горелова, Л. В. Краткий курс ЛФК и массажа / Л. В. Горелова. – Ростов на Дону: Феникс, 2007. – 224 с.
Епифанов, В. А. Восстановительное лечение при заболеваниях и повреждениях позвоночника / В. А. Епифанов, А. В. Епифанов. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2008. – 384 с.
Кашуба, В. А. Биомеханика осанки / В. А. Кашуба. – Киев: Олимпийская литература, 2003. – 280 с.
Каптелин, А. Ф. Гидрокинезотерапия в ортопедии и травматологии / А. Ф. Каптелин. – М.: Медицина, 1986. – С. 46-112, 122-126.
Ловейко, И. Д. Лечебная физическая культура при дефектах осанки, сколиозах и плоскостопии / И. Д. Ловейко. – Л.: Медицина, 1982. – 166 с.
Потапчук, А. А. Осанка и физическое развитие детей. Программа диагностики и коррекции нарушений / А. А. Потапчук, М. Д. Дидур. – СПб.: Речь, 2001. – 166 с.
Попов, С. Н. Физическая реабилитация / С. Н. Попов. – Ростов на Дону: Изд-во «Феникс», 2003 – С. 303-335.
Халемский, Г. А. Физическое воспитание детей со сколиозом и нарушением осанки / Г. А. Халемский. – М.: Изд-во НЦЭНАС, 2002. – 80 с.
References
Barkov V.A., Kuznetsova, O.T. Zavisimost` fizicheskoj podgotovlennosti shkol`nikov, prozhivayushhikh v razlichny`kh radiaczionny`kh usloviyakh, ot ikh fizkul`turny`kh znanij [Dependence of physical fitness of schoolchildren living in various radiation conditions on their physical education knowledge]. Material 3 j mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferenczii [Material of the 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Gomel, 1999, pp. 5-6. (In Russian)
Belaya N.A. Lechebnaya fizkul`tura i massazh [Therapeutic exercise and massage]. M.: Sov. Sport, 2001, pp. 67-79. (In Russian)
Borodich L.A., Nazarov R.D. Zanyatiya plavaniem pri skolioze u detej i podrostkov [Swimming lessons for scoliosis in children and adolescents]. M.: Enlightenment, 1988. 77 p. (In Russian)
Bulgakova N.Zh. et al. Ozdorovitel`noe, lechebnoe i adaptivnoe plavanie [Health-improving, therapeutic and adaptive swimming]. M.: Ed. Center "Academy", 2005. 432 p. (In Russian)
Burov A.E., Erokhin O.A. Diagnostika i oczenka professional`no vazhny`kh kachestv v praktike professional`no-prikladnoj fizicheskoj kul`tury` [Diagnostics and assessment of professionally important qualities in the practice of professionally applied physical culture: scientific and practical guide]. Cheboksary: Publishing House "Sreda", 2020. 192 p. (In Russian)
Vanda E.S., Glazko T.A. Fizicheskaya kul`tura studentov, imeyushhikh skolioticheskuyu bolezn` [Physical culture of students with scoliotic disease: textbook]. Belarus. State University of Physical culture. Minsk: BGUFK, 2013. 92 p. (In Russian)
Gorelova L.V. Kratkij kurs LFK i massazha [Short course of exercise therapy and massage]. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2007. 224 p. (In Russian)
Epifanov V.A., Epifanov A.V. Vosstanovitel`noe lechenie pri zabolevaniyakh i povrezhdeniyakh pozvonochnika [Restorative treatment for diseases and injuries of the spine]. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2008. 384 p. (In Russian)
Kashuba V.A. Biomekhanika osanki [Biomechanics of posture]. Kyiv: Olympic Literature, 2003. 280 p. (In Russian)
Kaptelin A.F. Gidrokinezoterapiya v ortopedii i travmatologii [Hydrokinesitherapy in orthopedics and traumatology]. M.: Medicine, 1986, pp. 46-112, 122-126. (In Russian)
Loveiko I.D. Lechebnaya fizicheskaya kul`tura pri defektakh osanki, skoliozakh i ploskostopii [Therapeutic physical culture for posture defects, scoliosis and flat feet]. L. Medicine, 1982. 166 p. (In Russian)
Potapchuk A.A., Didur M.D. Osanka i fizicheskoe razvitie detej. Programma diagnostiki i korrekczii narushenij [Posture and physical development of children. The program for the diagnosis and correction of disorders]. St. Petersburg: Speech, 2001. 166 p. (In Russian)
Popov S.N. Fizicheskaya reabilitacziya [Physical rehabilitation]. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix Publishing House, 2003, pp. 303-335.
Khalemsky G.A. Fizicheskoe vospitanie detej so skoliozom i narusheniem osanki [Physical education of children with scoliosis and posture disorders]. M. Publishing House of NTsENAS, 2002. 80 p. (In Russian)
